地表殘膜回收機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)與研究畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
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- 地表殘膜回收機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)與研究畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
摘 要
地膜覆蓋種植技術(shù)可大幅度提高作物單產(chǎn)水平，因而得以大面積推廣使用，但用過的地膜不能及時(shí)回收，滯留在田間。對(duì)土壤及生態(tài)環(huán)境都造成了污染。從殘膜不能及時(shí)回收的原因分析入手，結(jié)合各地條件闡述了不同類型的殘膜回收機(jī)的特性和使用狀況，并提出了解決這一問題的措施和建議。
地膜覆蓋技術(shù)能夠改良和提高莊稼的出苗率，但是在莊稼收獲以后要回收殘留在土壤中的地膜，及時(shí)回收,以至于不污染土壤和浪費(fèi)塑料資源。從某個(gè)角度分析塑料資源由于污染而浪費(fèi)過多，塑料產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域不呢感對(duì)殘膜回收和利用。為了減少塑料的污染要?dú)埬ね耆幕厥仗幚碓诶谩?br />
發(fā)展地表殘膜回收機(jī)械是治理殘膜污染的有效方法，殘膜的再生利用是保護(hù)環(huán)境，變廢為寶，防治殘膜污染的關(guān)鍵所在。
通過理論分析和田間試驗(yàn)，設(shè)計(jì)研制了一種使用于秋收前在最后一水后進(jìn)行的地表殘膜回收機(jī)。介紹這一機(jī)器的工作原理和有關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)。試驗(yàn)表明該機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，工作可靠，動(dòng)力消耗少，適應(yīng)性廣。通過分析殘膜回收機(jī)的破膜器，撿拾機(jī)構(gòu)，輸送裝置，傳動(dòng)裝置，集膜裝置等主要工作部件，對(duì)殘膜回收機(jī)械總體的設(shè)計(jì)方案、主要參數(shù)選擇、工藝流程等進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析。
實(shí)踐證明，該機(jī)還具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、工作可靠、通用性好等特點(diǎn)，
關(guān)鍵詞：白色污染 殘膜回收 農(nóng)用地膜 撿拾機(jī)構(gòu)
Abstract
Plastic film laying on crop is widely used in china,but most of the used films are left in the fields after harvesting ,and pollution is made both to the soil and environment .the reasons that the used films can not be collected in time are analyzed .countering the local condition of different area ,the different types of collectors are described .measurements and suggestions are given to solve the problem.
Plastic film plant technology can be robbed and improve the output of crops ,but after the crop is reaped ,remain into field mould membrane be removed ,retrieve in time ,so as not to pollute the soil and waste plastics resources .proceed from the angle of pitting is analyzed that the incomplete membrane is polluted and endangered ,produces and uses from the plastic film ,incomplete membrane retrieve and utilize respect explain manage measure and suggestion that film pollutes again.
Develop incomplete membrane retrieve machinery to incomplete membrane effective method of pollution, incomplete regeneration of membrane to protect the environment, turn wealth, prevent and cure incomplete membrane key of pollution.
A plastic film collector was invented with analysis of motional tracks and experiments .The working principle and designing parameters of collector were introduced .Experiments indicated that this machine has some advantages such as high working reliability ,low energy consumption ,and simple structure .Through analyses incomplete membrane person who retrieve get up membrane device ,person who supports membrane ,unload membrane brush ,transmission device ,collect membrane device groundwork part ,retrieve to incomplete membrane machinery total plan of design ,main parameter choosing ,technological process ,etc .carry on detailed analysis.
Practice has proved : In addition machine this have structure to be simple ,work reliable ,common ability characteristic such as being kind also .
Keywords: plastic film playing; used film; collection
目 錄
摘要...............................................................1
英文摘要..........................................................2
1. 前言...........................................................3
2. 課題的來源及目的意義.........................................3
2.1地膜覆蓋種植技術(shù)發(fā)展概況.....................................3
2.2地膜覆蓋種植技術(shù)帶來得負(fù)面影響...............................3
2.3殘膜回收的一般方法...........................................4
2.4殘膜機(jī)收的必要性.............................................4
3. 地膜回收技術(shù)在國(guó)內(nèi)外的應(yīng)用及存在問題.......................4
3.1目前國(guó)內(nèi)殘膜回收機(jī)現(xiàn)狀.......................................4
3.2 國(guó)內(nèi)機(jī)具研究的情況...........................................4
3.3 現(xiàn)有的地膜回收機(jī)械..........................................8
3.4 綜上所述殘膜回收技術(shù)應(yīng)用存在的問題..........................9
3.4.1 頭水前揭膜................................................9
3.4.2 收獲后殘膜回收............................................9
3.4.3 春播前拾膜................................................9
3.5 新疆建設(shè)兵團(tuán)棉花種植情況存在的問題......................... 9
4. 地膜回收方案選擇.......................................10
4.1技術(shù)要求....................................................10
4.2機(jī)器作業(yè)工藝方案............................................10
5. 方案的選擇說明.........................................10
5.1收膜工藝....................................................10
5.2各部件的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)............................................11
5.2.1 劃膜部件................................................. 11
5.2.2 撿膜部件................................................. 11
5.2.3脫卸膜部件分析............................................ 11
5.2.4集膜部件分析.............................................. 12
5.2.5動(dòng)力分析.................................................. 12
5.2.6得出方案.................................................. 12
6. 設(shè)計(jì)的主要參數(shù).........................................12
6．1破膜部件...................................................12
6．2撿膜部件....................................................13
6.2.1圓弧形彈齒滾筒機(jī)構(gòu)的構(gòu)造及工作原理........................13
6.2.2齒間距的選定及實(shí)際配齒法..................................13
6.2.3 結(jié) 論....................................................14
6．3脫卸膜部件.................................................. 14
6.3.1脫卸膜部件采用方式........................................14
6.3.2滾筒直徑的選取............................................15
6.3.3安全系數(shù)..................................................16
6．4集膜部件....................................................16
6.5軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算................................................16
6．6機(jī)架設(shè)計(jì)....................................................17
6.7直齒圓柱齒輪的計(jì)算..........................................17
7. 設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)價(jià)......................................................19
8.結(jié)束語......................................................... 20
9.參數(shù)文獻(xiàn).......................................................21
10.致謝..........................................................22
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